U.S. Effective Unemployment (EUR): December 2008 – October 2009
(including 2,039,000 Farm Workers and 8,929,000
Self-employed Workers)
This Summary primarily determines and then compares (1)
the number of officially unemployed workers reported each month by the
BLS with (2) the number of workers who are effectively unemployed,
including workers who are part-time of necessity, marginally attached, or discouraged
workers. The total number of effectively
unemployed workers is more representative of the current labor situation. This Summary also identifies various
measures of Òweeks unemployedÓ, job openings, and job shortfalls.
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DEC Ô08 |
JAN Ô09 |
FEB Ô09 |
MAR Ô09 |
APR Ô09 |
MAY Ô09 |
JUN Ô09 |
JULÕ09 |
AUG Õ09 |
SEP Õ09 |
OCT Õ09 |
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A. Civilian Labor Force (1) |
154,447,000 |
153,716,000 |
154,214,000 |
154,048,000 |
154,731,000 |
155,081000 |
154,926,000 |
154,504,000 |
154,577,000 |
154,006,000 |
153,975,000 |
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Employed Workers |
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Full & Normal
Part-Time |
143,338,000 |
142,099,000 |
141,748,000 |
140,887,000 |
141,007,000 |
140,570,000 |
140,196,000 |
140,041,000 |
139,649,000 |
138,864,000 |
138,275,000 |
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Part-time of necessity |
8,038,000 |
7,839,000 |
8,626,000 |
9,049,000 |
8,910,000 |
9,084,000 |
8,989,000 |
8,798,000 |
9,076,000 |
9,179,000 |
9,284,000 |
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BLS total employed |
151,376,000 |
149,938,000 |
150,374,000 |
149,936,000 |
149,917,000 |
149,654,000 |
149,185,000 |
148,839,000 |
148,725,000 |
148,043,000 |
147,559,000 |
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BLS total unemployed (2) (3) |
11,108,000 |
11,616,000 |
12,467,000 |
13,161,000 |
13,724,000 |
14,511,000 |
14,729,000 |
14,462,000 |
14,928,000 |
15,142,000 |
15,700,000 |
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BLS unemployment rate (4) |
7.19% |
7.56% |
8.08% |
8.54% |
8.87% |
9.36% |
9.51% |
9.36% |
9.66% |
9.83% |
10.20% |
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memo: |
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(i) average weeks unemployed |
19.7 |
19.8 |
19.8 |
20.1 |
21.4 |
22.5 |
24.5 |
25.1 |
24.9 |
26.2 |
26.9 |
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(ii)
median weeks unemployed |
10.6 |
10.3 |
11.0 |
11.2 |
12.5 |
14.9 |
17.9 |
15.7 |
15.4 |
17.3 |
18.7 |
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(iii) workers unemployed 27
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2,591,000 |
2,647,000 |
2,917,000 |
3,182,000 |
3,680,000 |
3,948,000 |
4,381,000 |
4,965,000 |
4,988,000 |
5,438,000 |
5,594,000 |
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weeks and
longer |
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B. Adjusted Civilian Labor Force (5) |
159,627,000 |
159,582,000 |
159,802,000 |
159,583,000 |
160,599,000 |
161,693,000 |
161,380,000 |
160,748,000 |
160,305,000 |
159,656,000 |
159,596,000 |
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BLS
total unemployed (2) |
11,108,000 |
11,616,000 |
12,467,000 |
13,161,000 |
13,724,000 |
14,511,000 |
14,729,000 |
14,462,000 |
14,928,000 |
15,142,000 |
15,700,000 |
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Part-time of necessity |
8,038,000 |
7,839,000 |
8,626,000 |
9,049,000 |
8,910,000 |
9,084,000 |
8,989,000 |
8,798,000 |
9,076,000 |
9,179,000 |
9,284,000 |
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Other marginally attached |
1,908,000 |
2,130,000 |
2,051,000 |
2,106,000 |
2,089,000 |
2,210,000 |
2,176,000 |
2,282,000 |
2,270,000 |
2,219,000 |
2,373,000 |
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Discouraged workers (6) |
3,272,000 |
3,736,000 |
3,537,000 |
3,429,000 |
3,779,000 |
4,402,000 |
4,278,000 |
3,962,000 |
3,458,000 |
3,431,000 |
3,248,000 |
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Total effectively unemployed (3) |
24,326,000 |
25,321,000 |
26,681,000 |
27,745,000 |
28,502,000 |
30,207,000 |
30,172,000 |
29,504,000 |
29,732,000 |
29,971,000 |
30,605,000 |
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Effective unemployment rate (7) |
15.24% |
15.87% |
16.70% |
17.39% |
17.75% |
18.68% |
18.70% |
18.35% |
18.55% |
18.77% |
19.18% |
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Job openings (8) |
3,052,000 |
2,793,000 |
2,692,000 |
2,991,000 |
3,006,000 |
2,717,000 |
2,531,000 |
2,554,000 |
2,558,000 |
2,392,000 |
2,387,000 |
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Jobs
shortfall vs. a 5% EUR (9) |
16,345,000 |
17,342,000 |
18,691,000 |
19,766,000 |
20,472,000 |
22,122,000 |
22,103,000 |
21,467,000 |
21,717,000
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21,988,000 |
22,625,000 |
(1): sum of BLS-determined employed
and unemployed workers, which in each case includes self-employed workers (the
number of whom is preliminary and typically lags one month) and farm workers.
(2): does not include
part-time of necessity and other marginally attached workers.
(3): at December 2007, the
official start of the recession, BLS total unemployed were
7,541,000 and total effective unemployed were 16,882,000.
(4): BLS total unemployed
divided by BLS civilian labor force.
(5): BLS civilian labor force
plus other marginally attached workers and discouraged workers.
(6): Workers who have
abandoned their job search; does not include other marginally attached
workers.
(7): total effective
unemployed divided by adjusted civilian labor force.
(8): figures shown typically
lags sixty days.
(9): Total effectively
unemployed workers minus the product of the Adjusted Civilian Labor Force times
5%.